The emergence and development of news agencies
Kushaliyeva Tamiris, 209 group
In 1835, the world's first news agency was created in Paris, which was engaged in the collection and dissemination of information, not only from France, but also from Europe. The founder of the agency was Charles-Louis Havas (1783-1858). Under Napoleon, Havas was a banker, gave large loans to the government. Under Napoleon, Havas was a banker, gave large loans to the government, which, after the fall of the emperor, could not be returned and was on the verge of ruin. Then Havas decided to use his good knowledge of foreign languages and began to make translations from European periodicals. These reviews of the foreign press he offered to the Parisian publications that they could pay. So there was the agency "Havas". The agency's services were used by influential Parisian newspapers: "Magazine de Deba", "Contitualionel", "Press", "Ciècle".
Later, Havas organized a wide network of European correspondents transmitting information from the host countries. Agency "Havas" worked under the motto "Fast and good". The enterprise's revenues increased rapidly. The influence of Havas also grew in journalistic and political circles. Balzac called Gavas "a confidant of the Press."
In 1853 almost in all Parisian daily newspapers appeared the heading "Communications of the Telegraph Agency", in which the information of the agency "Havas" was printed.
In 1848, two emigrants from Germany arrived to Havas: Bernhard Wolf and Paul Reuter. After working for several months in the agency "Havas", they returned to Germany. The knowledge and experience gained during the work of Havas was useful to them after the investigation. Soon, Wolf opened an information telegraph agency in Berlin, and in 1851 Reuters founded an agency in London.
However, these new news agencies could not compete in terms of awareness with Havas. Reuters has not yet supplied political information. Wolff was just beginning to do it. In the mid-50's. 19c. In the French press a stable formula arose: "The Private Telegraph Agency" Havas "reports ...". The French press did not then refer to any other agencies other than "Havas".
In addition to Reuters, information agencies such as Central Press, National Press Agency, and Press Association were formed in the UK. "Reuters" became the main competitor of the Times in the international news market in the second half of the 19th century. Paul Reuter offered his services to all English newspapers at a very affordable price. First, the London and then regional publications rushed to take advantage of the opportunity, as it allowed them if not to catch up with the Times in covering international events, then at least approach it. The main customers of "Reuters" were cheap daily publications. "Reuters" surpassed the "Times" in the amount of information transmitted and the speed of transmission, although inferior to her in commenting on the transmitted news. In addition, Reuters broadcast information obtained mainly from official or semi-official sources. The circle of sources "The Times" was wider. The duties of her correspondents included the comparison of the official version of an event with information obtained from other sources.
In 1859, after the death of Havas, there was a division of the sphere of influence between the three largest news agencies. July 15, 1859 in Paris, the owners of the three agencies signed an agreement on cooperation, providing for the exchange of information and the division of the information market between them. "Havas" undertook to supply news from France, the Mediterranean countries, America, "Reuters" - from Britain and the Middle East, "Wolf" - from Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavian and Slavic countries (including Russia). The Treaty lasted until 1870.
January 17, 1870 a new agreement was concluded, according to which France, Italy, Spain and Portugal were declared to be the sphere of exclusive jurisdiction of the "Havas". "Reuters" received a monopoly on the collection and dissemination of information from England and Holland. "Wolf" went to Germany, Scandinavia, Russia. The Ottoman Empire, Egypt, Belgium were declared the sphere of joint jurisdiction of "Reiter" and "Gaves". All other countries, including the United States, were treated as a neutral zone, where all three news agencies had the right to collect information. This agreement lasted until the First World War.
The US telegraph agencies (primarily the Associated Press) could not seriously compete with European agencies, as they specialized at that time on American news and only in the early 20th century. paid attention to the European information market. Formed by the "Associated Press" in 1848 as a result of the merger of six New York newspapers. The correspondent in Boston was instructed to collect news from the ships sailing from Europe and to transfer them immediately by telegraph to New York. Several newspapers agreed to buy news only from the Associated Press. The appearance of the news agency led to a further reduction in the cost of the American periodicals.
This site was made on Tilda — a website builder that helps to create a website without any code
Create a website